What is necessary to effectively kill germs on surfaces?

To effectively kill germs on surfaces, it is crucial to first clean the surface with soap and water before applying a disinfectant. Cleaning removes dirt, grease, and debris, which can shield germs from the disinfectant, making it less effective. Once the surface is clean, applying a disinfectant can reduce the number of germs significantly.

The process of cleaning followed by disinfecting is essential because many disinfectants require a clean surface to work correctly. The soap and water remove organic matter that would otherwise impede the disinfectant's ability to kill the pathogens. After cleaning, using a disinfectant ensures that any remaining germs, including bacteria and viruses, are effectively eliminated. This two-step process is fundamental in infection control and maintaining a hygienic environment.